Learn Geometry | 06 | Rectangle and Square

Rectangle: - A parallelogram whose sides are equal and parallelogram with all right angle is called Rectangle. 

आयत :- एक ऐसा समांतर चतुर्भुज जिसकी सम्मुख भुजाएं बराबर और समांतर तथा सभी कोण समकोण हो आयत कहलाता है। 

If AB || DC and AD || BC so that ABCD is a ||gm. 

यदि AB || DC व  AD || BC तो ABCD, एक ||gm होगा। 

1★ Opposite sides of a Rectangle are parallel.

  ★ आयत की संम्मुख भुजाएं समांतर होती है।

                 AB || DC and AD || BC

2★ Opposite sides of a Rectangle are equals.

  ★ आयत की संम्मुख भुजाएं बराबर होती है।

                 AB = DC and AD = BC

3★ Opposite angles of a Rectangle are equals.

  ★ आयत की संम्मुख कोण बराबर होती है।

                 ∠A = ∠C and ∠D = ∠B

4★ All angles of a Rectangle are equal and 90⁰ 

∠A  = ∠b  = ∠C  = ∠D = 90⁰  

  ★ तो आयत के सभी कोण बराबर और समकोण होते हैं। 

∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D = 90⁰ 

5★ Adjacent angles of a Rectangle are supplementary.

  ★ आयत की संलग्न  कोण संपूरक होते हैं।

                 ∠A + ∠B = 180⁰

                 ∠B + ∠C = 180⁰

                  ∠C + ∠D = 180⁰                 

                 ∠A + ∠D = 180⁰

6★ The diagonals of a Rectangle are equals. 

  ★ आयत के विकर्ण बराबर होते हैं।

                    AC = BD 

7★ Diagonal of a Rectangle bisect each other. 

  ★ आयत के विकर्ण एक दूसरे को समद्विभाजित करते हैं।

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Deduction 1— What is the length of the other diagonal?

We know that ABCD is a rectangle. 

So ∠A = ∠D = 90⁰

Side AB = Side DC 

Now 

In ∆DAB = ∆ADC

        AB = DC          [Sides of Rectangle]

         ∠A = ∠D         [ 90⁰ ]

        AD = AD          [Common Sides]

So  ∆DAB ≅ ∆ADC. [by SAS congruenc Rule]

          AC = BD         [by CPCT]  Proved

This shows that the diagonals of a rectangle always have the same in length.                          

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Deduction 2—What is the point of intersection of the two diagonals?



SB II CD and BD is Transversal 

∠ABD = ∠BDC    [A. I. A.]

∠B = 90⁰

∠3 + ∠1 = 90⁰  ........ (1)

In ∆ BCD

∠3 + ∠2 + 90⁰ = 180⁰ 

∠3 + ∠2 = 180⁰ – 90⁰

∠3 + ∠2 = 90⁰ ........ (2)

From Equation (1) and (2)

∠3 + ∠1 = ∠3 + ∠2 

        ∠1 = ∠2   ........ (3)

In ∆AOB = ∆COD

        ∠1 = ∠2               [From Equation 3]

  ∠AOB = ∠COD         [ V.O.A. ]

        AB = CD             [given]

So  ∆AOB ≅ ∆COD. [by AAS congruenc Rule]

          AO = CO         [by CPCT]  Proved

          BO = OD         [by CPCT]  Proved

So, O is the midpoint of AC and BD.

This shows that the diagonals of a rectangle always intersect at their midpoints.

When the diagonals cross at their midpoints, we say that the diagonals bisect each other. Bisecting a quantity means dividing it into two equal parts.         

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Deduction 3— What are the angles between the diagonals?

∠BOA + ∠AOD = 180⁰  by Linear pair 
∠60⁰ + ∠AOD = 180⁰
             ∠AOD = 180⁰ – 60⁰
             ∠AOD = 60⁰

For a
In ∆ AOB
∠A + ∠B + ∠O = 180⁰         [ASPOT]
       a + a + 60⁰ = 180⁰
                     2a = 180⁰ –60⁰
                        a = 120⁰ / 2
                         a = 60⁰
For b
In ∆ AOD
∠A + ∠D + ∠O = 180⁰         [ASPOT]
       b + b + 120⁰ = 180⁰
                     2b = 180⁰ –120⁰
                        b = 60⁰ / 2
                         b = 30⁰
This
Formulas for getting the value of various angles in a parallelogram. 
For a
In ∆ AOB
∠A + ∠B + ∠O = 180⁰         [ASPOT]
       a + a + x = 180⁰
                     2a = 180⁰ –x
                        a = 180⁰ / 2 – x/2
                         a = 90⁰ –x/2

For b
In ∆ AOD
∠A + ∠D + ∠O = 180⁰         [ASPOT]
         b + b + x = 180⁰
                     2b = 180⁰ – (180⁰ –x)
                       2b = 180⁰ – 180⁰ + x
                        2b = x
                          b = x/2

What can we say about AB and CD, and AD and BC?
In ∆AOB = ∆COD
          AO = CO
      ∠AOB = ∠COD
            BO = OD
        ∆AOB ≅ ∆COD        by SAS Congruene 
              AB = CD

In ∆AOD = ∆BOC
          AO = CO
      ∠AOD = ∠COB
            BO = OD
        ∆AOD ≅ ∆COB        by SAS Congruene 
              AD = BC

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Deduction 4—What is the shape of a quadrilateral with all the angles equal to 90°?
SB II CD and BD is Transversal 
∠ABD = ∠BDC    [A. I. A.]
∠B = 90⁰
∠3 + ∠1 = 90⁰  ........ (1)

In ∆ BCD
∠3 + ∠2 + 90⁰ = 180⁰ 
∠3 + ∠2 = 180⁰ – 90⁰
∠3 + ∠2 = 90⁰ ........ (2)

From Equation (1) and (2)
∠3 + ∠1 = ∠3 + ∠2 
        ∠1 = ∠2   ........ (3)

In ∆BAD = ∆DCB
        ∠1 = ∠2               [From Equation 3]
    ∠BAD = ∠DCB         [ V.O.A. ]
        AB = CD             [given]
So  ∆BAD ≅ ∆DCB. [by AAS congruenc Rule]
          AD = CB         [by CPCT]  Proved
          DC = BA         [by CPCT]  Proved
Thus, all the angles of a quadrilateral are right angles, then the opposite sides have equal lengths. Therefore, the quadrilateral is a rectangle. 

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Thus the property of rectangle.
Rectangle: A rectangle is a quadrilateral in which the angles are all 90°.
Property 1: All the angles of a rectangle are 90°.
Property 2: The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal.
Property 3: The opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel to each other.
Property 4: The diagonals of a rectangle are of equal length and they bisect each other.

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

★★★★★ Vinjeet Vedic Maths ★★★★★

Square: - A parallelogram one of whose angles is a right angle with a pair of adjacent sides equal is called Rectangle. 

वर्ग :- एक ऐसा समांतर चतुर्भुज जिसका कम से कम एक कोण समकोण तथा संगत भुजाऐं बराबर हों वर्ग कहलाता है। 

If AB || DC and AD || BC so that ABCD is a ||gm. 

यदि AB || DC व  AD || BC तो ABCD, एक ||gm होगा। 

1★ Opposite sides of a Square are parallel.

  ★ वर्ग की संम्मुख भुजाएं समांतर होती है।

                 AB || DC and AD || BC

2★ All sides of a Square are equal.

  ★ वर्ग की सभी भुजाएं बराबर होती है।

                 AB = BC = CD = DA 

3★ Opposite angles of a Square are equals.

  ★ वर्ग की संम्मुख कोण बराबर होती है।

                 ∠A = ∠C and ∠D = ∠B

4★ All angles of a Square are equal and 90⁰ 

               ∠A  = ∠B  = ∠C  = ∠D = 90⁰  

  ★ तो वर्ग के सभी कोण बराबर और समकोण होते हैं। 

              ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D = 90⁰ 

5★ Adjacent angles of a Square are supplementary.

  ★ वर्ग की संलग्न  कोण संपूरक होते हैं।

                 ∠A + ∠B = 180⁰

                 ∠B + ∠C = 180⁰

                  ∠C + ∠D = 180⁰                 

                 ∠A + ∠D = 180⁰

6★ The diagonals of a Square are equals in length. 

  ★ वर्ग के विकर्ण आपस में बराबर होते हैं।

                    AC = BD 


7★ Diagonal of a Square bisect each other. 

  ★ वर्ग के विकर्ण एक दूसरे को समद्विभाजित करते हैं।

8★ Diagonal bisect each other at right angle (90⁰).

  ★ विकर्ण एक दूसरे को समकोण पर समद्विभाजि करते हैं।



Deduction 5— What should be the angle formed by the diagonals?
















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